The household and enterprise diary endeavor is part of the World Bank’s Afghanistan energy study. The aim of the project is to collect data on energy patterns at the household and business and community institution level in different Afghan contexts. This includes information on sources of energy and electricity, fuel types, heating, cooking and lighting practices as well as willingness, and ability, to pay for better provision of energy. The longitudinal study was designed to capture household, energy, and electricity patterns that vary through the year and across the different seasons. The research covers household income; household spending; electricity usage; and energy usage, including fuel for cooking and for heating during the colder months. The research participant locations formed a diverse range of communities in terms of histories, cultures, energy solutions, challenges, and opportunities. Approximately two thirds of the households interviewed for this study possess a solar device. Boosted by programs distributing solar sets, but also commonly bought privately in bazaars in district and provincial centers, solar is used for lighting, mobile phone charging, and, increasingly, powering televisions. Heating and cooking are central in Afghan household and enterprise energy patterns. Further research is needed to ascertain the pathways through which this beneficial conversion happens and ways to foster it, be it via distribution, outreach, or price subsidies. Finally, the research set out to understand what the willingness was to pay of off-grid Afghan households and businesses for a grid connection, and that of all respondents for different types of solar solutions. It emerges that overall, the willingness to pay for a grid connection appears rather high.