아프리카ㆍ중동

The Ethiopian government started its first economic development plan as early as 1945. The economic development plan covered ten years, and formulation of the plan was supported by the United States. It included various policies to achieve economic development through industrial promotion. The Derg regime which began in 1974 nationalized all industries and did not allow private ownership except for very small scale private enterprises. The Derg Regime tried to attract foreign direct investment but was not very successful. The Ethiopian economy experienced very slow growth over the seventeen years of socialism. In 1991, the Derg Regime fell, and the new government undertook a process of market transformation. However, it took some time for the government to privatize the nationalized industries. The government undertook initiatives for industrial promotion by formulating and implementing five-year development plans in the 1990s. Agriculture Development-Led Industrialization (ADLI) was introduced, followed by the Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP) and the Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty (PASDEP) during the following two decades. Since 2010, the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) has been put in place. GTP, which emphasizes industrial promotion for target industries, is quite different in its orientation from the previous two medium-term plans which were focused mainly on poverty elimination. Most of the previous government economic development policies in Ethiopia can be regarded as ineffective, and future plans will require significant modifications. By critically reviewing the Ethiopian government's economic development policies of the past, taking into account the economic environment in Ethiopia, this paper points out the major issues that need to be taken into consideration in future policy formulation and implementation.