러시아ㆍ유라시아

The G7 (plus Australia) imposed a price cap on Russian oil in December 2022 to limit Russian revenue from energy exports. The sanctioning coalition enforced this cap by requiring Western companies providing key oil trade services—including shipping, insurance, financing, and flagging—to verify that the trades in question complied with various caps on oil exports. In response, Russia heightened its efforts to amass a “shadow fleet” of tankers that could be used to move oil without depending on Western companies and thus avoiding the imposed price ceilings.