아프리카ㆍ중동

Abstract

Because global population is expected to surpass 9 billion by 2050, food security remains among the most pressing development issues of our time. The physical and economic access of not only nations, but also individuals and households to sufficient and nutritional foods is linked with poverty. Inadequate access to technology, land, water, and other agricultural inputs, as well as climate and other environmental factors, routinely imperils the ability of poor people to produce or secure sufficient food. Furthermore, the obligation of governments to nurture an enabling environment for food security based on economic openness, functioning markets, and sound policy making has been a development challenge too often unmet. Much of the increase in world food demand in the coming decades as a result of population growth will continue to originate in developing countries where, according to the United Nations, nearly one billion people (or about 16 percent of the world s population) still go hungry every day. Demand for food in China alone will account for 46 percent of the increase in global food consumption by 2050. At the same time, many developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization and rising incomes that have been accompanied by an evolving diet away from traditional crops toward more animal-based foods. These trends are altering the food production landscape and calling into question how the world can best adjust to this new reality.